There is a spacious
backyard behind the building. Once there was a stable, as at
the time of the inauguration of the Presidential Palace the use of the cars was not so
widespread in Cuba. A huge Cuban flag is covering one of the
inner-facade of the building overlooking the patio. Crossing
this backyard and leaving the building through the back door
(south door), you will reach the Granma Memorial.
The area between the
Presidential Palace and the Museo Nacional de
Bellas Artes, bordered by the Avenida del Belgíca, the
Trocadero and the Agromonte streets, is occupied by Granma
Memorial that was built on the plot of the former Zayas park
that was inaugurated in honor of the President Alfredo Zayas
(1921-1925) during the last years of his administration.
The Granma Memorial project was
entrusted to the Cuban architect Eduardo Losada León.
In the Granma Memorial along with the famous boat, there are several historical pieces that have a value from the aspect of the revolution, but could not be on display in the building of the Museo de la Revolución because of their big size. This part of the museum was organized and inaugurated in 1976. The ticket price of the museum covers also the visit of this place.
The 19-meters long Granma yacht,
built in 1943, is enclosed in a structure, made of glass and
steel. The entire roof of the glass and steel structure is
composed of hexagons that are inspired by the plumes of the
royal palms, the Cuban national tree, that you may see in
close vicinity. Likewise, the columns that support the
hexagons, imitate the trunks of these trees.
The visitors have to take the iron
staircase to watch the yacht at a whole; unfortunately, it
is not so easy to see the whole boat behind the glass due to
the shining of the glass enclosure and the frequent metal
bars. The historical yacht that had a load capacity of 20
persons, carried 82 rebels, including Fidel Castro, Ernesto
Che Guevara and Raúl Castro from Tuxpán, Mexico, to Cuba in
1956. This was its third voyage to Cuba. The rebels
disembarked on a beach (Playa Colorados) close to Santiago
de Cuba to initiate the guerilla struggle on the Sierra
Maestra mountains. The relic was placed into the glass
structure in 1976, in the 20th year of this event that was
one of the milestones of the revolutionary movement in the
island, and thus, the Granma Memorial was inaugurated a few
months later in the same year.
Another 14 large pieces, such as
vehicles, airplanes, tractors, jeeps etc., that are
associated with the revolution, are scattered around the
Pabellón Granma.
The two tractors on the display were converted into armored vehicles to take part in the invasion of the rebels to the western part of the island, headed by Camilo Cienfuegos and Ernesto Che Guevara. The traces of the combat can be seen on the tractor Dragon 1.
The delivery truck used in the
transportation of the rebels that realized the assault on
the Presidential Palace in 1957, is also exhibited in the
area along with a car and some jeeps.
The Pontiac model car was used by
the Popular Socialist Party (PSP) to transport the weapons
from Havana to the war in Las Villas province. Those weapons
were used by the forces of the PSP, headed by Félix Torres,
against the troops of Batista.
Nearby there are three jeeps. The
Toyota model jeep was used by Raúl Casro Ruz at the second
east front, the so-called Frank Pais front, in 1958. The
Willy model jeep was used by Juan Almeida Bosque at the
third east front, the so-called Mario Muňoz Monroy front,
and was seized by Batista’s troops. The Land Rover
model jeep was used by Fidel Castro Ruz in 1958. Several
bullet impacts can be seen on the jeep.
Two aircrafts are located in the
area of the Granma Memorial. The first one is a King Fisher,
made in USA. It belonged to the army of Batista and was
seized by the rebels, while making a forced landing at the
territory of the second east front in 1958. It became the
first airplane of the Rebel Air Force, and it was used in
fighting missions against La Maya garrison and enemy fronts
in Sagua de Tánamo.
The other is a Seafury, made in
England. It was used in several fighting missions during the
Playa Girón (Bay of Pigs) battle in 1961.
Other than the intact aircrafts exhibited, there is also the remains of the American bomber B-26 that was shot down by the Cuban anti-aircraft defense system during the Playa Girón battle in 1961. The corpse of the US pilot stayed for almost 19 years in Cuba, as the US didn’t admit its role in the action against Cuba, and thus, didn’t make any official request to transport the corpse to its homeland. Upon the official request, the corpse was returned to US in 1979.
The tank on the display is a Russian
tank T-34, the same series with the historical tank in front
of the museum.
The speedboat, the so-called the
Lancha Pirata, was used to carry the mercenaries and the
weapons from the ship to the Cuban shore during the Playa
Girón battle in 1961.
The next pieces exhibited in the
memorial, are the turbine, remained from the spy plane U-2,
that was piloted by Rudolf Anderson Jr., commander in the US
Arforce, and shot down while violating the Cuban air space
for an espionage mission during the so-called October crisis
in 1962, and the ramp launch (La Rampa de Lanzamiento) from
that the rocket was fired that shot down this US spy plane.
The tour of the Granma Memorial is
completed with the visit of the Monument of the Gloria
Eternal a los Héroes de Patria Nueva (Eternal Glory to the
Heroes of the New Homeland) that was dedicated to all the
heroes and martyrs that fell throughout the building of an
independent Cuba. Its flame that implies that the
revolution will continue forever, was lit by Fidel Castro in
1989. The design of the monument belongs to the Cuban
architect Eduardo Losado.