The Memorial a José Martí consists of the
statue of José Martí, the tower and the gardens around.
The monument stands on a marble platform
that is about 7 meters above the square and 30 meters above
the sea level. The visitors can access the platform through
marble stairways at both sides that are rather narrow
compared to the stairs in front of the monument facing the
square. Parallel to these stairways there are also roads for
the cars of the protocol at both sides.
The 18-meters (59 feet) high statue of
José Martí stands on its raised pedestal on
a platform. The
sculpture is made up of 52 giant cubic blocks of white marble
that were carved by Sicre himself in situ one at a time.
José Martí is represented in a seated position, hunched
forward and deep in thought. The sculpture is surrounded by
six half-height marble columns. These marble columns with
low relief engravings, depicting their respective shields,
represent the six provinces of the time. It is also possible
to take the stairs around the statue to reach a small
platform behind the statue to watch the square.
Behind the statue of José Martí, there is
the entrance of the memorial tower that houses the Museo
José Martí on its ground floor and the enclosed observation
deck at the top.
The pyramidal memorial tower is 109 meters (358
feet) high, its highest point being 139 meters above the sea
level. It has a cross section of a five-pointed star,
inspired by the star of the Cuban flag. It was designed by Raoul Otero de Galarraga and his architect group. The grey
marble was brought from Isla de Pinos (an island in the
Caribbean Sea, south west of Cuba). The enclosed
observation deck on the top floor is the highest point in
Havana and the tip of the tower can be seen from cardinal
points of the capital. It gives fantastic views over the
city in all directions. It can be accessed by an elevator on
the ground floor. The observation deck is divided into
segments that correspond to the five spines of the five-star
shaped tower. However, you have to wait until another
visitor will take the lift up to the deck, if you want to go
down (or you can take the staircase with 567 steps).
The Museo José Martí is consisted of five
halls: three permanent ones, one temporary exhibition hall
and the auditorium (Sala de Actos) with 100 seats for
ceremonies, conferences, book presentations and concerts.
At the entrance hall, the flag of Céspedes,
the bust of José Martí that is the work of Gilma Madera
Valiente, and the landscape from Cuba welcome the visitors. The
walls are covered with the Venetian ceramic murals by
the Cuban artist Enrique Caravia y Montenegro, covering an
area of about 850 m2. The murals with prevailing bluish green
color, contain 79 quotes of José Martí that are written in
letters, bathed in 10-carat gold. This decoration was
completed by the artist in 1957. The columns in the hall
that support the building are laminated in gold color.
The first hall (Sala 1) highlights the
period from the Martí’s childhood to his participation in
the Monetary Conference in the US in 1981. The photos and
the texts on the panels are sufficient to receive a short
information about this period. Some of his works like Versos
Sencillos (Simple Verses) and Ismaelillo are exhibited in a
showcase among with some documents like José Martí’s
certificates as bachelor in Philosophy and Law, issued by
the University of Zaragoza, Spain, and letters written by
José Martí. The shackle, used to fetter him, when he was put
in prison in Real Cárcel in 1870 (it is the collection of the
Museo Casa Natal de José Martí) and the stuffed quetzal (a
bird specific to Middle and South America), donated by the
President of Guatamala Justo Rafine Barros to José Martí in
1877 are the outstanding pieces of the first hall. The first
letter written by José Martí to his mother when he was nine
years old, is another interesting piece of the collection.
The second hall (Sala 2) covers the
period, in that José Martí was preparing the conditions of
the fight for the independence of Cuba. Some documents,
exhibited in this room, refer to this period, like the
copies of the newspaper Patria (Homeland), the articles of
the Cuban Revolutionary Party, scripted by José Martí in
1892 and the Manifesto de Montecristi. The note that José
Martí wrote to General Maximo Gomez in 1895, is the last
text that he had written. It was written hours before his
fall in combat in Dos Rios. There is also a fragment of his
unfinished letter to his friend Manuel Mercado that is
important from the aspect of his political thoughts. The
replica of the ceremonial sword of Simón Bolívar that was
presented to Fidel Castro Ruz by Hugo Chávez Frías during
his visit to Cuba in 2000, is the most attractive piece for
the visitors. The Colt Frontier model revolver, on which his
name was engraved, is the gift of Francisco “Panchite” Gomez
Toro to José Martí during his stay in the Dominican Republic
(collection of Fragua Martiana, Havana), and the Winchester
1873 model rifle was carried by José Martí during his
expedition to La Playita in Cajobabo in 1985 (collection of
the Museo Emilio Bacardí, Santiago de Cuba).
The third hall (Sala 3) is dedicated to
the history of the construction of the memorial that was
summarized by photos on the panels, a collection of coins
and banknotes that were issued in commemoration of José
Martí and different medals, created on behalf of him. The
hall includes also some photos from the place where José
Martí fell in the Battle of Dos Rios and the obelisk erected
in his remembrance. On a large format photo, you can see the
meeting when one million people filled the square to support
the First Declaration of Havana on September 2, 1960.
The fourth room (Sala 4) is used for
exhibitions of contemporary art.
The museum is one of the main tourist
attractions of Havana. Once it served as the first
headquarter of the Museo de la Revolución.